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:'' This article focusses on prehistorical migration, and historical migration taking place before the emergence of the modern period. See human migration for contemporary migration.'' Early human migrations began with the movement of ''Homo erectus'' out of Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago. ''Homo sapiens'' appears to have colonized all of Africa about 150 millennia ago (kya), moved out of Africa some 80 kya, and spread across Eurasia and before 40 kya. Migration to the Americas took place about 20 to 15 kya, and by 1 millennium ago, all the Pacific Islands were colonized. Later population movements notably include the Neolithic revolution and the Bronze Age Indo-European expansion, still later the Early Medieval Great Migrations, and the related Turkic expansion. Much better understood are the Age of Exploration and European Colonialism, which led to an accelerated pace of migration over vast distances as new means of transportation emerged. ==Early migrations== (詳細はHomo erectus'' out of Africa and across Eurasia beginning about one million years ago. Anatomically modern humans (''Homo sapiens'') appeared about 200 kya, and had diverged into three main lineages within Africa by about 100-80 kya, L1 (mtDNA) / A (Y-DNA) colonizing Southern Africa (the ancestors of the Khoisan (Capoid) peoples), bearers of haplogroup L2 (mtDNA) / B (Y-DNA) settling Central and West Africa (the ancestors of Niger–Congo and Nilo-Saharan speaking peoples and of the Mbuti pygmies), while the bearers of haplogroup L3 remained in East Africa. The recent out of Africa migration by parts of the L3 population began about 70 kya. This migration mostly replaced the descendants of the earlier (''Homo erectus'') expansion. The spread to southern Asia and Australasia dates to about 60–50 kya, and the spread into Europe and Central Asia to about 40 kya. Northeast Asian populations first reached the Americas about 30 kya. The specifics of Paleo-Indians migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion.〔 〕 Paleo-Indians are assumed to have migrated out of Beringia (eastern Alaska) during 40 and 16.5 kya, but individual scholars' estimates vary widely within this range.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jorney of mankind )〕 The islands of the Pacific were populated during c. 1600 BC and AD 1000. The Lapita people, who got their name from the archaeological site in Lapita, New Caledonia, where their characteristic pottery was first discovered, came from Austronesia, probably New Guinea, reaching the Solomon Islands, around 1600 BC, and later to Fiji, Samoa and Tonga. By the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, most of Polynesia was a loose web of thriving cultures who settled on the islands' coasts and lived off the sea. By 500 BC Micronesia was completely colonized; the last region of Polynesia to be reached was New Zealand in around 1000. The final region to be permanently settled by humans was the Arctic, reached by the Dorset culture during about 500 BC to AD 1500. The Inuit are the descendants of the Thule culture, which emerged from western Alaska around AD 1000 and gradually displaced the Dorset culture.〔 〕〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pre-modern human migration」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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